Insulin and Diabetes: Essential Information for Managing Blood Sugar in Kenya
What is Insulin?
Insulin is a hormone essential for managing blood sugar levels in the body. It is produced naturally by the pancreas and is crucial for allowing glucose (sugar) from the carbohydrates we eat to enter our cells, where it is used as energy or stored for later use. For individuals with diabetes, insulin either isn’t produced (Type 1 diabetes) or doesn’t work effectively (insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes). As a result, many people with diabetes need insulin as medication to help regulate their blood sugar levels.
In Kenya, everyone with Type 1 diabetes, and some people with Type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes, require insulin to help control their blood sugar. Insulin can be administered through injections or released into the body using an insulin pump, a device attached to the body.
How Insulin Works
Insulin acts like a key that “unlocks” cells, allowing glucose from the bloodstream to enter them, where it’s used for energy. Insulin also plays a role in storing excess glucose for future use.
When you have diabetes, glucose builds up in your blood because it cannot enter your cells. This results in high blood sugar levels, which can lead to serious complications if not managed properly.
The Impact of High Blood Sugar Levels
Short-term effects
High blood sugar can cause common diabetes symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. In extreme cases, it can lead to more serious conditions like Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) in individuals with Type 2 diabetes or undiagnosed diabetes.
Severe lack of insulin
For individuals with Type 1 diabetes and some with Type 2, a severe lack of insulin can result in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening condition that may also be the first sign of diabetes.
Long-term effects
If left untreated, high blood sugar can lead to diabetes complications such as damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart.
Insulin as a Treatment
Insulin is one of the most effective treatments for managing diabetes and reducing the risk of long-term complications. However, insulin alone isn’t enough. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet and exercise is crucial for keeping blood sugar levels within the target range. Regular blood pressure and cholesterol checks are also important for preventing complications.
Access to Insulin in Kenya
Insulin is available free of charge on prescription through the Kenyan public healthcare system. This includes all the supplies you need, such as needles and insulin pens. However, the availability of insulin pumps may be limited in Kenya, with more common usage in advanced care settings.
Types of Insulin and How to Take It
There are different types of insulin, including rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting. Your healthcare provider will determine which type is best for you. Insulin comes as a liquid, typically administered through an insulin pen or syringe. Some individuals may use an insulin pump, although this is more common for those with Type 1 diabetes.
Learning How to Use Insulin
Your healthcare team will teach you how to inject insulin and determine the correct dosage for you. There are also local support groups in Kenya, as well as resources such as helplines, to assist you in managing your condition.
Storing Insulin in Kenya
Due to Kenya’s warm climate, it’s essential to store insulin properly to ensure its effectiveness. Insulin should be stored in a fridge at a temperature between 2°C and 6°C. Once opened, it can be kept at room temperature, but in extreme heat, it should be placed back in the fridge. Insulin should never be frozen or exposed to direct sunlight.
Key Tips for Storing Insulin
- Keep extra insulin in the fridge in its original packaging.
- Check expiration dates regularly.
- Avoid exposing insulin to high temperatures, such as leaving it in a hot car or near the stove.
Insulin Pump
Treating Your Diabetes Insulin Pumps: Everything You Need to Know An insulin pump is a small electronic device…
Tablets and Medication
Treating Your Diabetes Diabetes Tablets and Medication: Managing Your Condition In Kenya, as in many other parts of…
What Is Insulin?
Treating Your Diabetes Insulin and Diabetes: Essential Information for Managing Blood Sugar in Kenya What is Insulin? Insulin…
Insulin
Treating Your Diabetes Insulin and Diabetes: Essential Information for Managing Diabetes in Kenya For individuals living with Type…
Metformin
Treating Your Diabetes Metformin and Diabetes in Kenya: What You Need to Know Metformin is a commonly prescribed…