Insulin

Treating Your Diabetes

Insulin and Diabetes: Essential Information for Managing Diabetes in Kenya

For individuals living with Type 1 diabetes, insulin is a crucial medication. In Kenya, insulin is also vital for certain individuals with Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and other forms of diabetes. Insulin therapy helps manage blood sugar levels effectively, preventing both short-term issues and long-term complications associated with diabetes.

What is Insulin?

Why Do People Need Insulin?

Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. When the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively, as in the case of diabetes, blood sugar levels can rise to dangerous levels. This can lead to both immediate and long-term health risks, such as:

Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is more common in people with Type 1 diabetes
Diabetes complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, heart disease, and vision problems

Who Needs Insulin?

Type 1 Diabetes

Everyone diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes needs to take insulin because their body no longer produces it.

Type 2 Diabetes

Some people with Type 2 diabetes may require insulin when other treatments, like oral medications and lifestyle changes, are not sufficient to control blood sugar levels.

Gestational Diabetes

Pregnant women with gestational diabetes may be prescribed insulin to protect both their health and the health of the baby.

Other Types of Diabetes

Some individuals with rare forms of diabetes may also need insulin therapy to control their condition.

How Insulin Helps Manage Diabetes

Insulin works by allowing your body to use glucose from carbohydrates as energy or to store it for future use. It keeps your blood sugar levels within a safe range and helps prevent both hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and hyperglycemia. Managing your blood sugar levels properly with insulin can reduce the risk of long-term diabetes complications, including:

Heart disease

Kidney failure

Nerve damage

Vision loss

Types of Insulin Available in Kenya

In Kenya, insulin is available in various forms and action times, including:

Rapid-acting insulin

Works within 15 minutes and is typically taken before meals.

Short-acting insulin

Takes 30-60 minutes to start working and is also used around meal times.

Intermediate-acting insulin

Lasts about 12-16 hours and helps control blood sugar levels throughout the day.

Long-acting insulin

Can last up to 24 hours and provides a steady amount of insulin to manage blood sugar between meals and overnight.

Insulin Delivery Methods

In Kenya, insulin is commonly available in:

Insulin pens

Convenient and widely used due to ease of use.

Syringes

Still used, particularly in rural areas or where access to more modern technology is limited.

Insulin pumps

Available in certain hospitals and for those with access to more advanced care.

Tips for Insulin Use

Storage: Insulin needs to be stored in a cool place, away from direct sunlight. In some parts of Kenya where refrigeration may be a challenge, insulated bags or cool storage containers are useful.
Access: Insulin is available at government hospitals, pharmacies, and through some NGOs working to provide diabetes care. It's crucial to regularly check supplies and ensure access, especially in more remote regions.

Emotional and Practical Support

Managing diabetes with insulin can feel overwhelming at times. It is important to seek support from family, healthcare providers, and community support groups. In Kenya, organizations like Diabetes Kenya Association offer valuable resources and support for those living with diabetes.