Diabetes-Related Conditions
Diabetes is associated with a variety of other health conditions that can affect different parts of the body. Some of these conditions may be caused by diabetes, while others are more common in people with diabetes. Understanding these related conditions is crucial for managing your health effectively.
Coeliac Disease
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition that affects the small intestine. It is more common in people with type 1 diabetes, as both are autoimmune conditions. In Kenya, coeliac disease may go undiagnosed because of limited awareness. Symptoms include digestive problems, bloating, and fatigue, but some people with coeliac disease experience no symptoms at all.
If you have type 1 diabetes and suspect you might have coeliac disease, speak to your doctor about getting tested. The test involves a blood test and, if necessary, a gut biopsy. Early diagnosis can help you manage both conditions more effectively.
Thyroid Disease
Thyroid disease is more common in people with diabetes, particularly those with type 1 diabetes. There are two types of thyroid disorders:
Hypothyroidism
where the body doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone
Hyperthyroidism
where the body produces too much thyroid hormone
Both conditions can affect your energy levels and metabolism. Treatment usually involves medication to regulate thyroid hormone levels.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS affects 5-10% of women and is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In Kenya, women with PCOS should focus on maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active, and consulting their healthcare provider for proper management, which may include medications like metformin.
Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that causes the body to produce too much urine due to a lack of the hormone vasopressin. It is not related to diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2), but if you experience excessive thirst and frequent urination, you should talk to your doctor to rule out this condition.
Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum (NLD)
NLD is a rare skin disorder that affects 0.3% of people with diabetes, particularly women. It causes red or yellow patches on the skin, typically on the legs. While there is no cure for NLD, treatments like steroids may help manage symptoms.
Muscular and Joint Conditions
People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing muscular and joint conditions, including:
- Frozen shoulder
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Trigger finger
- Dupuytren’s contracture
- Limited joint mobility
These conditions may cause pain, stiffness, or limited mobility and can be treated with physiotherapy, painkillers, or surgery in severe cases.
Dental Health Problems
People with diabetes are at a higher risk of dental problems, including gum disease and tooth decay. Regular dental check-ups and maintaining good oral hygiene are essential for preventing these complications. In Kenya, access to dental care can be limited, so it’s important to prioritize dental health if you have diabetes.
Haemochromatosis
Haemochromatosis is a condition where there is too much iron in the blood, which can lead to type 3c diabetes. If you have been diagnosed with haemochromatosis, it’s important to manage both the iron levels in your blood and your blood sugar levels to prevent further complications.
Insulin Resistance and Severe Insulin Resistance (SIR)
Insulin resistance (IR) occurs when the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin. Severe insulin resistance (SIR) can lead to diabetes. Managing IR through weight loss, healthy eating, exercise, and medications like metformin can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes.
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, which produces insulin. There are two types of pancreatitis:
Acute pancreatitis
which causes sudden inflammation
Chronic pancreatitis
which causes long-term damage
Chronic pancreatitis can lead to type 3c diabetes. If you experience symptoms like severe abdominal pain, nausea, or weight loss, seek medical advice immediately.
Managing Diabetes-Related Conditions
It’s important to manage these related conditions in conjunction with your diabetes care. Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider can help monitor for these conditions and prevent complications. Early detection and proper treatment are key to maintaining your health.